Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1983)
A student wrote about controversial topics in a school newspaper. The Principal took it out.
The students appealed it based on the first amendment right.
The school stated the newspaper was a private forum and they had the right to censor it.
The Supreme court decided the school had the right to censor it to protect the welfare of the students.
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Bakke was denied from admission while minorities with lower scores were admitted.
Allan Bakke felt the school had violated the 14th amendment.
The college stated the program helped curve the issues faced by minorities.
The Supreme court decided the minority quota was unconstitutional.
Gideon v. Wainwright
Gideon was not allowed to have a lawyer when he couldn’t afford one.
Gideon was convicted because he had to defend himself.
He appealed the decision based on the 6th amendment right, arguing he would have have a better chance had he been provided a lawyer.
The Supreme court ruled it unconstitutional to deny anyone a lawyer when being tried.
Pointer v. Texas
An individual named Stevenson was indicted for murdering a hotel manager.
He was convicted but the courts reversed the conviction because the evidence was inadmissible.
Pointer requested to cross examine a witness and was denied.
Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda was accused of raping a woman.
He admitted it.
His Miranda rights were not read to him.
He argued his was denied his 5th and 6th amendment rights were denied because when arrested he was not read his Miranda rights.
The Supreme court argued all must be read their Miranda rights when arrested.
Pleasy v. Fergeson
Pleasy was sitting in a section of the train that was for whites only.
Pleasy was 1/8th black.
He argued his 13th and 14th amendment rights were violated.
The Supreme court deemed separate but equal constitutional.
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
A student was found smoking in the bathroom of a school.
The vice principal searched her bag and found cigarettes, rolling papers, marijuana, and money.
She was arrested of possession and intent to distribute marijuana.
She argued she was illegally searched.
The Supreme court ruled that students are guaranteed the fourth amendment and fifth amendment rights at school but school officials are allowed to search a student based on probable cause.
Roe v. Wade
Roe wanted to abort her pregnancy because she felt she couldnt support the baby.
The state claimed she couldnt abort the baby.
She claimed they violated her first, fourth, fifth, ninth, and fourteenth amendment.
The Supreme court ruled in favor of Roe.
Griswold v. Conneticut
The director of planned parenthood was found guilty of providing contraception advice to people.
They argued it was against their 14th amendment right and intruded marital privacy.
The Supreme court deemed all contraception legal.
Mapp v. Ohio
Cleveland police suspected Mapp was hiding an arsonist in her house.
They unlawfully searched her house and found pornography in her basement which is unlawful in Ohio.
Mapp appalled to the Supreme court claiming the police violated her fourth amendment right because they didn’t have a warrant.
The Supreme court ruled that the evidence was inadmissible because the evidence was gained illegally.
Carroll v. United States
Two men were arrested because the police found alcohol in their car.
The men appealed saying they needed probable cause to search their vehicle.
The police claimed they had probable cause.
The Supreme court claimed warrants are not needed for all vehicle searches because a vehicle car leave the state while a house can not. They did state there must be cause to search a vehicle.
Olmstead v. US
Olmstead was convicted via wiretapping of violating alcohol laws.
Olmstead claimed illegal search and seizure and illegal self incrimination.
The defense stated the wiretaps were placed on their property and not on his property.
The Supreme court stated the 4th and 5th amendment rights were not violated.
It was later overturned and declared wiretapping to be illegal.
Tinker v. Des Mois
Tinker protested the Vietnam war by wearing black arm bands to school.
The school suspended them for it.
Tinker argued this violated the 1st and 14th amendment.
The school claimed tinkers actions disrupted the learning environment.
The Supreme court ruled in favor of Tinker.
Marbury v . Madison
Marbury claimed he had a write to see the papers officiating his position as a supreme court judge.
Madison denied Marbury the position because his papers could not be found.
Marbury did not become a Supreme court justice.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Gibbons stated he could use the water ways.
Ogden stated he had a license to use the water ways so no one else should be allowed to.
The Supreme court declared Gibbons was allowed to use the water ways because they were public.
US v. Leon
Police received tips about drug dealers.
Police filed for a warrant and were granted one but it was later deemed invalid.
the police searched the houses and the evidence was deemed admissible.
Although the warrant was deemed invalid the evidence was upheld.
Weems v. United States
Weems was unfairly punished. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison and hard labor for a small offense.
The Supreme court interpreted the punishment as cruel and unusual.
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